Caring for those who are unable to care for themselves, either because of special needs, age or physical injury, can place an immense strain on family members and their finances. Depending on the level of the disability, your loved one may need around the clock care, which is just not realistic for those who have to work full time. Fortunately there are various facilities that offer different levels of care based on the needs of the patient and their family.

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Life care offers care for the elderly when they are no longer able to care for themselves. What is life care? This is a facility that offers multiple levels of care for aging patients whether they need a little assistance or require full time care. These communities offer seniors a chance to socialize and otherwise live rewarding lives with professionals close at hand in the event assistance is needed. Some can live in their own apartments with staff providing food services; others might need more of a hospital-type setting due to illness. No matter the situation, a life care facility is often the best choice as it serves the patients through all phases of the aging process.
For those with disabilities, independent living is the goal. What is independent living? This allows those with disabilities to live in society without the stigma that often is associated with physical or mental limitations. The independent living concept hinges on the idea that those with disabilities can be productive members of society. With coping skills and education, most of those with disabilities can live quite successfully on their own, without placing an additional burden on their families.
With healthcare being an integral part of life care and independent living, assessing the patient's healthcare needs will also play a role in the level of care chosen for an individual. With family members still leading very busy lives, mapping out a plan for life care for an aging or disabled love one is the best way to insure they receive proper care. This prevents the family from becoming overwhelmed and developing resentment. With this freedom, family members can enjoy the relationship which is mutually rewarding for both patient and loved ones. You can get the answers to many of your life care and healthcare questions on general knowledge as well as question and answer websites.

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Psychological testing is a measurement procedure used to describe or predict behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or symptomatic characteristics of the person taking the tests, or the person to which the tests refer (some tests are given to people who know the person of interest, but most are taken by the person of interest).
To stay within the area of clinical psychology (mental health psychology), there are several kinds of tests often used. According to my simple classification scheme developed for educating the public, there are personality, cognitive, behavioral, diagnostic, and achievement tests. Sub-specialty tests, like forensic psychology or neuropsychology tests would actually fall under one or more of these broad categories but with a more specialized focus. Also, some tests incorporate elements of more than one classification.

Note also that in counseling psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, and other fields there are other kinds of tests, such as 'interest' tests designed to detect interests in different professions, or even in-vivo (live) behavioral tests such as sessions designed to replicate a 'rough day at the office' for important, stressful, and expensive executive positions.
I am not going to give away any test secrets, but what I will present is a brief overview of each category of test, some examples by title only, and some basic information on how tests are generally interpreted. You will not learn from this post any useful secrets of the tests themselves. This is intended only to inform the public of the value of psychological testing.
'Types' of Tests
Personality tests can sometimes overlap with diagnostic or symptom-related tests. Broadly, a personality test is designed to describe or predict usual attitudes, behaviors, or traits related to the examinee's interpersonal perception (how they see others) and intra-personal perception (how they see themselves). Famous examples include the MMPI-2 (which is structured and taken with paper and pencil) and the Rorschach (which is less structured and involves interviewing the examinee about their perceptions of inkblots).
Cognitive tests are used to describe or predict a person's mental abilities. How strong is a person's concentration and memory? Is the person better at solving problems verbally, structurally, nonverbally, holistically? The list of cognitive ('thinking') abilities that can be tested is very long and detailed. Cognitive tests include IQ tests, neuropsychological tests, and specialized instruments used in research, to name only three types. Famous examples include the WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, Stanford-Binet V, Bender-Gestalt-II, and many, many individual neuropsychological tests and test batteries.
Behavioral inventories are based upon the report of people who know the person in question, or upon direct examiner observation of the person in question. One good example of when these measures are used is in cases of ADHD diagnosis or determination of a given person's ability to function in their day (for example, used together with an IQ test to determine the possibility of mental retardation or developmental disability). Examples include behavior checklists or the Vineland-II Adaptive Behavior Scales. Behavioral assessment is also common among practitioners of applied behavioral analysis, which is used for treating very serious behavior problems in the developmentally disabled or with the extremely severely mentally ill.
Diagnostic tests frequently use an interview format, though some of them are given with paper and pencil like a personality test. Some interviews are not very structured (and are thus less reliable), but are more flexible and interactive. Usually a good assessment will somehow manage to include parts of both types of interview style. An example would be the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID, a comprehensive structured interview) or the Beck Depression Inventory (paper and pencil, but focused only on depression).
Achievement tests measure how well the examinee does on academic measures of reading, writing, and mathematics (to name three broad categories). Other measures that test mainly knowledge could probably be categorized as achievement tests as well. It is important to understand that the results of these tests will be partly associated with the person's cognitive abilities, for example because knowledge tests usually involve some reasoning ability and some consideration of speed, exactitude, or both. Examples include the Wide Range Achievement Test - 4 or the high school SAT.
Interpretation of Tests
Tests are often interpreted according to whether they use or do not use some 'standard' or 'reference point,' and according to what that reference point (if any) is.
Rater-based reference point--in this interpretation, the test being used usually only refers to categories--diagnosis, for example. Structured interviews often fall in this category, and the only purpose of the test is to tell whether the person has a diagnosis or not. Comparison along a continuous line of percentiles or scores is not a part of this referencing. No reference point (other than the examinee)--this can tell us a lot about the qualities of an examinee, but there is no way to measure those qualities against the same qualities of other persons. However, some tests that can measure against other people also include elements of this 'qualitative' description. This type of interpretation simply interprets 'type' of content and 'amount of X relative to Y for this examinee,' but not 'amount of X or Y relative to others.'

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For example, one could note that the examinee did better on measures of concentration than on measures of reasoning, but could not compare these statements to the performance of other persons. Of course, here we are assuming that the number of questions or items for reasoning and for concentration are equal and that each reasoning item is of the same difficulty ('hardness') as each corresponding concentration item. Norm-based reference point--in this interpretation used by many psychological tests, the score of the examinee is compared to the scores of other test-takers (usually hundreds to thousands of other examinees). This allows the scores to be interpreted in terms of their distance from the average (usually the 'mean') and in terms of percentiles. Criterion-based reference--in this interpretation, also used in many tests and often used in conjunction with norm-referencing, certain score levels on the test are known to be highly associated with certain behaviors or outcomes (criteria) with some degree of probability. Usually this knowledge is acquired through research done in developing or confirming the results of the test. For example, a test could help one decide which person to hire for a job; a particular score on a test designed to measure organizational ability (the ability to prioritize and sort) might be highly correlated with success in a particular executive position. Other test results might be highly predictive of suicide or another more clinical concern.
Often norm-referencing is used to give some idea of how an examinee compares to peers, while at the same time criterion-referencing research is used to tell the interpreter of the test what the score means in terms of imporant associated outcomes. For example, a high IQ score is not just 'higher cognitive ability than most of her peers,' it is also usually predictive of high academic achievement and high-level professional employment. Of course, these predictions are not perfect, and neither are norm-based interpretations (or any interpretation for that matter).
For this reason, all good tests have information about their 'reliability.' Reliability gives knowledge about:
The usual error rates of a test
The amount of expected error in any score
The degree to which portions of the test agree with or are sensibly related to other portions
The degree to which separate raters agree, and/or
The degree to which one examinee's scores on a test at one time agree with their scores at another time).
Good tests also should have information available about their 'validity':
The extent to which the test actually measures what it is supposed to
The degree to which the test adequately measures a specific type of content
The degree to which the test is sensibly associated or non-associated with other similar and dissimilar tests and/or
The degree to which the test actually has a reliable association with important outcomes
Hopefully this overview will be helpful for anyone curious about psychological tests!

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Sell-a-mutt buggy! What the hell am I saying, you ask? This seemingly alien-like greeting is basically a good morning in Bahasa or Indonesian. It's funny if you think about it how the language that you're speaking - as English if you get to read from the second phrase to this - comes naturally as if we're born with it.
It is not called mother tongue, for anything. But the great thing about learning another language is simply like any other skill, it can be learned!

So you want to learn a quick and easy way to learn Indonesian?

Here's a basic factual run through for it. Bahasa Indonesia is the country's official language. However, it is commonly referred to simply as Indonesian. Well, there are about five hundred or so more of these languages and dialects throughout Indonesia. Fun fact for it is that topping the list, is the foreign adopted language, English. What's interesting about Indonesian is that it is scribed in Roman letters; however, its roots are basically coming from Sanskrit, pointing to the country's Hindu-Buddhist history.

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There are those who have learned the language because there was a need for it. But, regardless if you are among them, you'll know it gets to be learned faster if apt interest is there.
So here are some tips for tim-pulp tea-young, meaning you, my friend.
Firstly, you set a goal. This means that the more earnest you are with getting those study times for Indonesian learning, the quicker it is to reach that goal.
Secondly, jot it down. Remember, your brain can only store as much, so let the notebook do it for you. Find time also to review on them.
Thirdly, you can do it the Pimsleur way. Here's the basic concept of it. Languages are acquired by people through listening. The more you get to be exposed to constantly listening to it, the faster the brain gets to recognize it.
Lastly, practice, practice, practice! You can partner up with a friend who's an Indonesian, knows of it, or someone who is practicing as you. You'll find it fun as well when you do this, because it would be like getting that scene in right in front of a camera, only that there are bound to be a number of bloopers and retakes.
And at the end of the day, you'll pretty much get it when I say sell a mutt tea door. Happy learning!

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Many people ask the question - How long does it take to learn a language? The answer to that is - How much time do you have? Obviously the more time you study the faster you will learn. It is also important to speak the language as much as you can even if you make mistakes. The more you try, the faster you will start speaking. Here are some English language learning tips that will help you to learn English:

English Language Learning Tip 1
The FIRST thing you should do is to listen to and learn the PRONUNCIATION of the language. Spend time on Spend time on this now and the rest of your study for the rest of your learning period will benefit greatly! Some languages are phonetic, some are not. Phonetic means that the sounds and the letters of the words always match. There are international phonetic symbols that teach you how to pronounce all the sounds in all of the world languages. The English language is not a phonetic language. It is ESSENTIAL to first learn the phonetic symbols that relate to the sounds of English words. It is certainly possible to learn English without any knowledge of these phonetic symbols but your learning time will be much longer and most times your pronunciation will be inaccurate as you are relying on memorising the sounds of the words for the most part of your learning, just as you had to do as a baby. I strongly recommend the learning of the phonetic symbols for learners of English before you start your first grammar or reading book! If you can learn the CORRECT pronunciation at the beginning, it will save you a lot of precious learning time later. It is much harder to more dificult to undo incorrect learning and have to relearn the word correctly. I have an excellent workbook (including audio CD) that I can recommend to you to help you to learn these phonetic symbols. It's called "Phonetics for Learners of English Pronunciation" If you have already started studying English but need some help with pronunciation this book will still help you!

English Language Learning Tip 2
It is better to study a minimum of 20 mins every day than to study one hour per week. Each of us has a limited amount of attention span (concentration time). This is the amount of time you can concentrate before you starting thinking about something else (what to make for dinner, who you are meeting later etc.). Research shows that most people need to learn small amounts and then have time for revision before adding new information. If you study for one hour (60 minutes) only 20 minutes of that time is actual learning time for you, the other 40 minutes are not as effective. IMPORTANT - REVISE what you have learned BEFORE learning new information!
Divide each of your study times into: 1 - learning time 2 - revision time
Each time you revise you are cementing information into your brain and making it easier to remember when you need it.

English Language Learning Tip 3
The methods for learning any language are:
1 Listening
2 Speaking
3 Reading
4 Writing
This is how you learned your own language as a baby!. You have already learned one language one language - you CAN learn another! As a baby you first listened, then copied saying the sounds, then you learned how to read and write. Some language experts say that you do not fully learn your own native language until about the age of 12 -15 years old! As an adult you have the advantage of being able to read and write already so your learning of another language should be a lot faster!

English Language Learning Tip 4
Listen: Cassette tapes and CDs that accompany workbooks. Reading books. Songs cinema native speakers radio and television (news and documentary programmes have the better pronunciation without slang as in some regular programmes)

English Language Learning Tip 5
Read! Read! Read! This is probably the easiest study method as you can do this at your own speed, in your own time and at your own level. Reading sources: Course Books (these will probably be the first type of books you will read) Magazines (good for short stories, advertisements etc) Graded Reading Books (these books are specially written for each of the learning levels) Newspapers (they may be difficult at first - but persevere! ) Leaflets Brochures Timetables Menus

English Language Learning Tip 6
Writing: Writing is a powerful way to learn a language. All my language students who wrote an essay every week to give me to correct, learned English much faster than the students who never wrote, and some not even notes in class! Every time you look for a word in the dictionary you should write this word in a small pocket notebook, small enough to keep in your pocket or handbag along with your pocket dictionary, so that you can use it at all times and all places (eg standing waiting for the bus! ).

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• Download Exercise English Language Cpns Part I (contains 50 practice questions and discussion of quality), please download latihan soal here and solutions here!


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English Language Learning Tip 7
Speaking: Now you are ready to put it all together and SPEAK! Try to do this as soon as you can and dont be afraid to make a mistake. If it is a bad bad mistake a native speaker will soon tell you. Take Care! a native speaker will not always tell you your mistakes! A native speaker will not always know the grammar of their own language. It is best to study with a recognised language college. If you are studying with a private teacher, request to see his. Her qualifications. Just because a person is a native speaker of a language does not make him. Her a qualified teacher! Ways you can practise speaking: Speak with a professionally qualified native teacher as much as possible.
Other students in your class (do NOT be tempted to speak your own native language during class time! ) With native speakers that you might know, or advertise for exchange lessons! Travel to the native language country so that you can practise with native speakers. If possible, go and learn and or work in the native language country. Obviously the longer you can stay, the better. In six months you ought to be at least intermediate level and in one year you should aim for fluency, that is, if you stay and mix with native speakers for the entire duration of your stay. DO NOT be tempted to stay with people of your own nationality. You may as well be studying at home and your progress will be much slower!
Marianne Jordan is a highly experienced teacher with over 20 years teaching and TEFL (teaching English as a foreign language). She has lived in Canada, England, Ireland and New Zealand and has written many books and materials to help you learn English no matter where you live or what your level is.

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As an aspiring successful business entrepreneur, you dare to tread a different path to 97% of society. You seek to become rich so you can design your own life independent of your paycheck. Instead of a J.O.B. you prefer to work for yourself and be your own boss, maybe work from home or anywhere you like, and to become financially free to live out your dream lifestyle.
Whether you start a traditional business, a home based business or an internet business, Robert Kiyosaki (Rich Dad, Poor Dad and The Business School) talks about three different types of education that are required for the successful business entrepreneur. If you want to achieve this financial freedom to live your own life, you need scholastic education, professional education and financial education.
Let's unpack those three first.

Scholastic education basically is what you get at school. In the main part, it's about basic literacy. You are taught how to read, write and do maths, very important for survival in today's information age. Throughout our childhood we are taught the importance of getting a good education. As adults, we are encouraged to become lifelong learners and invest in our personal development. Professional education is what teaches you how to work for money. This type of education you can get from apprenticeship and training as well as through to your work experience. This type of education can range from apprenticeships in a trade or service to higher level training to become a doctor, lawyer, accountant, pilot, and so forth.
Financial education is rarely taught at school or at home or anywhere else for that matter! This is where you learn how to make money work for you (as distinct to you working for money as above). Most people don't even realise that scholastic and professional education will only get you so far.
Without financial or wealth education, you may not appreciate the 'different path' available to you and will end up always working for the rich, not becoming rich. This is how Robert Kiyosaki's distinguishes the two with his Rich Dad, Poor Dad concept.
However, these days if you are doing business mostly on the internet, there is, in my opinion, a really crucial fourth type of education and that is social education. Social education is important in any business where you are making sales and dealing with customers. But online, it's even more important since you cannot 'meet' in person and much of our social behaviour relies on body language and visual and auditory cues.
Social education is about developing "emotional intelligence" towards others. It is learning to communicate effectively with people with regard to their situation, needs and feelings. It's about active listening and empathy. It's about connecting with a person's highest hopes and worst fears.
Some would say that you develop the 'sales' skills to manipulate people. I advocate you develop social skills to match what you can offer to what people are looking for! On the internet, social education is critical to every part of your marketing, sales and support. This is because buying decisions depend so much more heavily on people's sense of trust. Being seen as an authority and a leader builds your online credibility.

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This is evident in the growing trend towards social networking and personal branding - what is termed "attraction marketing", which is nowadays the business model of all successful internet marketers. Social education is therefore one of the cornerstones of effective marketing. It teaches you aspects the psychology behind different personality types, how people make decisions, how to attract others to you, how to reach win-win outcomes, and so on.
If you spend time learning how to translate that knowledge and understanding into your personal branding, your copy writing, your presentations and your conversations, it will skyrocket your business success.

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Seleksi Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil (CPNS) untuk tahun 2012 berdasarkan keketapan Resmi Kemenpan tetap diadakan dengan formasi atau kuota sekitar sekitar 200 Ribu orang. Besaran kuota CPNS yang ditetapkan tersebut hampir sama dengan tahun 2010 lalu atau sekitar 200 ribu PNS. Menteri PAN dan RB, EE Mangindaan mengatakan, dari jumlah itu akan ikut direkrut para honorer daerah.
Diharapkan 2012 mendatang penerimaan CPNS sudah akan masuk pada zero growth. Itu dapat dilakukan bila para honorer daerah sudah terakomodir semuanya.

Perhelatan Akbar Tes Cpns 2011 dikabarkan Penerimaannya bakal digelar bulan September 2011, akan tetapi ada kabr juga bahwa (bisa-bisa) penerimaan dipundurkan ke awal 2012. Karena itu, Kemenpan mengharapkan agar seluruh instansi baik pusat maupun daerah diharapkan sudah bisa menyiapkan estimasi rincian formasi kebutuhan CPNS. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar target jadwal penerimaan CPNS bisa terealisasi. Kami pun para pengelola situs enersi.com menyarankan kepada para peserta Seleksi CPns agar mempersiapkan diri sebaiknya baik persiapan latihan Soal maupun adminsitratif lainnya. Tim kami dengan bangga memberikan pelatihan soal yang sangat baik untuk persiapan seleksi Cpns 2012. Latihan Soal Cpns 2011 ini untuk sementara terdiri dari 5 (lima) mata ujian yang terdiri dari :

Bahasa Indonesia

Kami berikan 2 (dua) paket soal dan pembahasannya yang berisi sekitar 100 (soal) latihan. Selengkapnya bisa Anda download dan pelajari disini silakan!

Tes Bakat Skolastik

Kami berikan 2 (dua) paket soal dan pembahasannya yang berisi sekitar 100 (soal) latihan. Selengkapnya bisa Anda download dan pelajari disini silakan!

Bahasa Inggris

Kami berikan 2 (dua) paket soal dan pembahasannya yang berisi sekitar 100 (soal) latihan. Selengkapnya bisa Anda download dan pelajari disini silakan!

Tes Kemampuan Umum

Kami berikan 2 (dua) paket soal dan pembahasannya yang berisi sekitar 100 (soal) latihan. Selengkapnya bisa Anda download dan pelajari disini silakan!

Tes psikologi

Kami berikan 2 (dua) paket soal dan pembahasannya yang berisi sekitar 50 (soal) latihan. Selengkapnya bisa Anda download dan pelajari disini silakan!

Materi Latihan Soal Cpns 2012 berusaha kami sesuaikan dengan peraturan yang tertuang dalam Pasal 21 ayat 4 RUU tentang Pokok-pokok Kepegawaian Negara. Disebutkan juga dalam tes seleksi CPNS terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu yang bersifat umum dan khusus.

Menurut keterangan Humas BKN tersebut bahwa materi tes seleksi yang bersifat umum terdiri dari :

• Materi bahasa Indonesia,


• Bahasa Inggris,


• Tes psikologi, dan


• Tes potensi akademik.

Untuk direnungkan

DPRD Kota Batu mencium adanya jual beli kursi Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil (CPNS) yang diperuntukkan bagi Guru Tidak Tetap (GTT). Dari informasi yang didengar anggota legislatif, setiap GTT harus menyiapkan uang minimal Rp 20 juta bila ingin diangkat menjadi CPNS pada 2012 nanti.

“Saya mendengar informasi itu dari beberapa GTT yang diminta menyiapkan uang bila ingin menjadi CPNS,” kata Hely Suyanto, Sekretaris Komisi A DPRD Kota Batu, Selasa (26/7). Sayangnya, dia enggan menyebutkan siapa GTT yang memberinya informasi tersebut.

Awalnya, Pemkot Batu diminta untuk tidak membuka rekrutmen CPNS formasi umum pada tahun depan. Karena, jumlah pegawai di lingkungan pemkot dianggap sudah terlalu banyak. Jumlah pegawainya secara keseluruhan yang sudah berstatus PNS lebih dari 6 ribu pegawai.

Sementara untuk GTT menurut Hely, berdasarkan data 2009 terdapat 1.200 GTT. Juga terdapat 560 tenaga honorer daerah yang tidak bisa diangkat menjadi CPNS. Hely menambahkan, karena masih banyaknya persoalan kepegawaian itulah maka pemkot diminta tidak membuka CPNS 2012 melalui formasi umum.

“Untuk GTT, diupayakan ada jalur khusus untuk pengangkatannya dan diberi kuota 40 kursi untuk tahun depan. Dalam waktu dekat kami akan menemui Komisi II DPR RI untuk mengkonsultasikan payung hukumnya,” kata Hely.

Upaya pemberian kuota jalur khusus untuk 40 GTT inilah yang ditengarai rawan dengan aksi jual beli. “Beredar informasi di kalangan GTT siapa saja bisa menjadi PNS asal menyiapkan uang Rp 20 juta,” papar Hely.

Dia berharap seluruh GTT tidak gegabah dan mau memberikan uang yang diminta oleh oknum tertentu. “Kami kesulitan untuk menemukan bukti, tapi memang ada guru yang dimintai uang, silakan melapor ke kami,” kata Hely.

Secara terpisah, Ketua Ikatan Guru Tidak Tetap dan Pegawai Tidak Tetap (IGTT/PTT) Kota Batu, Subagyo mengaku tidak mendengar informasi tersebut. “Secara organisasi, saya tidak mendengar adanya permintaan uang sebesar Rp 20 juta bagi GTT yang ingin menjadi PNS,” kata Subagyo.

Menurutnya, kalau yang diminta adalah orang per orang, itu persoalan individu bukan lagi menyangkut organisasi. “Saya hanya meminta setiap GTT untuk lebih berhati-hati,” singkat Subagyo.


Copyright@www.enersi.com All rights reserved, written by Drs. Asep Dewan, SH

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